Owain Davies Media Studies

0:00 - 0:11 Camera Shots High angle shot: lights turning on and flickering lights Tilt Shot: Vertical shot of Klaws boots and Handcuffs Medium shots: Everett's, mistrusting pose, Klaw handcuffed, Over the shoulder shots: Places the audience into the conversation Visual Codes: Colour: Grey, Bleak, infers emptiness/lack of emotion Clothing: Klaw: formal wear, Everett: Casual everyday wear Expression: Klaw: Insanity, Everett: Mistrusting Gestures: Klaw: Limited (Handcuffed, missing arm, Duck tape), Everett: Arms crossed, sat casually Iconography: Boxes, Sink, Tissue paper: suggests that the interview was hastily put together Audio Codes Mode of address: "Tell me something, what do you know about Wakanda?": Informal address, Implies Klaw doesn't take the situation seriously Diegetic Sound: Lights buzzing Theorists: Roland Barthes, Semiotics 0:11 - 0:22 Camera Shots Fade: Camera fades to black twice (0:10, 0:15) Panning Shot: Pans over the w...

Horizontal integration : Synergy between subsidiaries at the same stage of production Vertical integration:  Synergy through two or more stages of production "‘they buy up other companies involved in different stages of the process of production and circulation" "they buy up other companies in the same sector to reduce the competition" Production : Making the product (includes pre and post) Distribution : Making the product available Marketing : Promoting the product Exhibition : The point an audience receives the product  Synergy : The increased effectiveness that results when two or more people or businesses work together (and therefore gain a mutual benefit) "by buying or partnering other companies abroad, corporations can sell massive amounts of extra copies of a product… they buy into other related areas of cultural industry production to ensure cross-promotion" Convergence : Moving towards union, coming closer togethe...

Stuart Hall: Theory of representation The idea that representation is the production of meaning through language, with language being defined in its broadest sense as a system of signs. For example the positioning of the charity advert is enforced early on through the environment with: dry crops, insect noises,beige pallet, intense heat and underdeveloped infrastructure. Another idea is that the relationship between concepts and signs is governed by codes, the idea that stereotyping as a for of representation reduces people to a few simple characteristics or traits. For instance Claudia is wearing stereo-typically feminine clothing, with a pink shirt and print skirt. Finally the idea the stereotyping tends to occur where there are inequality of power, as subordinate or excluded groups are constructed as different or 'other'. For example the village being underdeveloped and in need of aid may reinforce the inequality of power. ...

Bias by photos, captions and camera angles Some pictures flatter a person, others make the person look unpleasant.  A paper can choose photos to influence opinion about, for example, a candidate for election. On television, the choice of which visual images to display is extremely important. The captions newspapers run below photos are also potential sources of bias

The Hermetic Code, (the voice of truth): The way the story avoids telling the direct truth or facts to add clues/ create mystery The Enigma Code, (Empirical code): The way tension is built and leaving the audience in suspense, e.g: cliffhangers Semantic Code, (Voice of the person): Any element in the text that suggests a particular, often additional meaning by way of which the story suggests. The Symbolic Code, (The voice of the symbols): Similar to the semantic code,however it focuses on a wider range, organising them into different sets of meaning, typically done with antithesis where new meaning arise out of conflict and opposing ideas The Cultural Code, (The voice of science): looking at the audiences cultural knowledge and ideology, this gives more context and meaning to the text, it references how we think of the world, and how we think it works.

Rain for Good Produced by: Water Aid Date Produced : 28/08/16 Who are water aid? Water aids was established in 1981 and works in 37 African, Asian and central american countries providing sustainable water sources Song Used : Sunshine on a rainy day/ Zoe Shows: 16 year old, Zambian Student, Claudia General Trends of charity adverts:  Emotional Soundtrack Matter of Fact Depressing "You can change this" Dirty water Celebrity Endorsement Repetitive message Personal address Memorable Logo Statistics Ways That Water Aid follows the genre: Ways that Water Aid subverts the genre: ·          Close up on young people ·          Drought/Dusty plains ·          Info graphic at the end of the advert ·          Asks for money ·       ...

British Empire At its height it was the largest empire in history, and for over a century, was the foremost global powerhouse By 1913 The British Empire sway over 412 million people, this was 23% of the world population, and by 1920 it covered 24% of the earths total land area Colonialism : The policy or practice of acquiring full or partial political control over another country, occupying it with settlers, and exploiting it economically Post-Colonialism : The political or cultural condition of a former colony Colonial Discourse : Colonial discourse is a system of statements that can be made about colonies and  the colonies people, about its colonizing powers and about the relationship between these two Colonial discourse continues to inform contemporary attitudes to race and ethnicity in the post colonial era " Multicultural societies seems to be abandoned at birth" - Paul Gilroy  Civilationalism constructs racial hierarchy and sets up binar...

Clickbait: Clickbait is a text or thumbnail link that is designed to entice users to follow that link and read, view, or listen to the linked piece of online content. Many people read only the headlines of a news item. Most people scan nearly all the headlines in a newspaper. Headlines are the most-read part of a paper. They can summarize as well as present carefully hidden bias and prejudices. They can convey excitement where little exists. They can express approval or condemnation

Placement: Placing more "important articles first and towards the front and "less" significant towards the back Readers of papers judge first page stories to be more significant than those buried in the back. Television and radio newscasts run the most important stories first and leave the less significant for later. Where a story is placed, therefore, influences what a reader or viewer thinks about its importance Examples: During the 1989-1990 abortion rallies the washington post published a 15 column space of the pro life with several stories and articles, whereas two columns were about pro life

Omission : Someone or something has been excluded Selection : The action of choosing someone or something as being the best or the most suitable Bias: Leaving out one side of the article An editor can express a bias by choosing to use or not to use a specific news item within a given story, some details can be ignored, and others included, to give readers or viewers a different opinion about the events reported. For example: If, during a speech, a few people boo, the reaction can be described as “remarks greeted by jeers” or they can be ignored as “a handful of dissidents.” • Bias through omission is difficult to detect. Only by comparing news reports from a wide variety of outlets can the form of bias be observed. Another example may be one news company choosing not to cover a story, where another news company

Kiss Of  The Vampire Product Context Produced by Hammer Film Productions and distributed by J.Arthur Rank and Universal, Kiss of the Vampire was intended to be the second sequel to 1958's Dracula In addition to Dracula, Hammer also had, by 1963 success with other 'monster movie' franchises such as The Mummy and Frankenstein  Historically, 1963 saw the early stages of 'Beatlemania' and the 'swinging sixties', The assassination of JFK and MLK and the Soviet Union launching the first woman into space. Media Language Cultural Context The 1960's audience for this advert could be assumed to be familiar with the codes and conventions of ‘monster movie’ film posters – such as its composition, fonts and representations of ‘the monster’ and its (usually female) victims.  Codes, Conventions and Medial Language Influence The capitalized, serif font of the title may be linked to the vampire film genre with its’ styling resembling wood (referenci...

Topic: Media Language and Representation Question: How does media language incorporate viewpoints and ideology in these front pages of The Sun and The Daily Mail [15] Who are the viewpoints and ideology from/of ? Readers Newspapers Intended audience (accepting of the forms and conventions) Unintended audience Band 5 Excellent consistent and accurate application of knowledge and understanding of the theoretical framework to analyse the newspaper front pages Analysis of the newspaper from... Theorists State the theorist and theory briefly Apply the theory and how it applies to the newspapers front cover  Indicative Content: Question 2 Responses are expected to explore examples from both front pages of the ways in which media language is used to construct viewpoints and ideologies  When answering the question be unbiased and add analysis, if greater emphasis or limited analysis is placed on one aspect it may bring it to Band 3 Be aware...

Clay Shirkley: End of audience theory Internet and digital technologies have a profound effect on relations between media and individuals Conceptualisation of audience members are passaible consumers of mass media content is no longer tenable in the age of the internet, being able to speak back and creating/sharing with each other, e.g. YouTubers  Gerbner: Audience of response "Exposure to repeated patters of representation over long periods of time can shape and influence the way in which people perceive the world around them, e.g. Accents, Political influence from family members. Erroneously reported: News given without sources and facts  Consider the representation of terror   How are the issues represented What does the choice of images and language, shape and influence What is the cumulative (Next step) Applying Stuart Hall: Hall's Model Moment of Encoding: When the institutional practises, organisational conditions and practi...

Masthead: Title of the newspaper Bar-code: Used to scan the newspaper when buying Caption: Brief text used to understand an image, describes photos/graphics Headline: A phrase that summaries the main point of the article Main Image: Dominant image, usually filling up most of the space Page Numbers: An organisational tool used within media Target Audience: People the newspaper aims to sell to Pull quote: Something within an article, usually taken from the person Classified Ad: An advertisement that uses only text Skyline: Informational panel on the front page, brings in the audience Addition: Versions of newspapers with changes and additional stories Stand first: Block of text that introduces the story Byline: The line above the story, which gives the authors name, sometimes job Body Text: Material that makes up the main part of the article Standalone: Picture story that exists on its own Center Spread: Photograph that runs across two middle pages Lead St...

Media Language Structuralism: A method of interpretation and analysis of aspects of human cognition, Behaviour, culture and experience which focuses on the relationships of contrast between elements in a conceptual system Binary : Composed of two pieces or parts Media language: The different ways in which media communicates to the audience Mise-en-scene : Everything that appears within a frame Symbol : A sign that suggests another idea beyond the denotation Semiotics : The language of codes and signs Connotation : A meaning associated with a sign Denotation : The literal or common sense meaning Polysomic: A sign with multiple meanings Forms : Different types of media Platforms : Ways of communicating to the audience Products : What the media produces Encode : Communicating ideas with systems and signs Decode : How audiences interoperate a message Codes : Signs in media that give meaning Effect : Impacts that codes have on the audience   Lexis...